The current I in amps is equal to the voltage V divided by the resistance R in ohms. The maximum current of the RC circuit can be found using Ohm’s Law. The charge Q in coulombs is equal to the capacitance C in farads times the voltage V. The maximum charge in the resistor capacitor circuit can be found using the formula: The energy E in joules is equal to the capacitance C in farads times the voltage V squared, divided by two. The energy stored in the fully charged capacitor in an RC circuit can be found using the formula: The capacitor will reach a 63.2% charge in τ, 86.5% in 2τ, and 99.3% in 5τ. The time constant τ is equal to the resistance R in ohms times the capacitance C in farads. The formula to calculate the time constant is: The time constant, expressed as tau (τ) is the time it takes in seconds for the capacitor in the RC circuit to reach 63.2% charge. Calculating each of these characteristics of the circuit can be done using the following formulas. RC circuits have several characteristics, including a time constant, energy storage, charge, impedance, capacitive reactance, characteristic frequency, and angular frequency. These circuits are most commonly used for filtering the waveform and are used to create low-pass, high-pass, and band-pass filters.ĭiagram showing a resistor capacitor circuit. The capacitor in the circuit stores energy and the resistor changes the charge and discharge rate of the capacitor. A resistor-capacitor circuit, or RC circuit, is a circuit with a resistor and capacitor connected in series.
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